_R_R_D_G_R_A_P_H(1)                          rrdtool                         _R_R_D_G_R_A_P_H(1)

NNAAMMEE
     rrdgraph - Round Robin Database tool graphing functions

SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS
     rrrrddttooooll  ggrraapphh||ggrraapphhvv  _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e  [_o_p_t_i_o_n ...]  [_d_a_t_a _d_e_f_i_n_i_t_i_o_n ...]  [_d_a_t_a
     _c_a_l_c_u_l_a_t_i_o_n ...]  [_v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e _d_e_f_i_n_i_t_i_o_n ...]  [_g_r_a_p_h  _e_l_e_m_e_n_t  ...]   [_p_r_i_n_t
     _e_l_e_m_e_n_t ...]

DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
     The  ggrraapphh function of RRRRDDttooooll is used to present the data from an RRRRDD to a
     human viewer.  Its main purpose is to create a nice  graphical  representa‐
     tion, but it can also generate a numerical report.

OOVVEERRVVIIEEWW
     rrrrddttooooll ggrraapphh needs data to work with, so you must use one or more ddaattaa ddee‐‐
     ffiinniittiioonn statements to collect this data.  You are not limited to one data‐
     base,  it's perfectly legal to collect data from two or more databases (one
     per statement, though).

     If you want to display averages, maxima, percentiles, etcetera it  is  best
     to  collect  them  now  using the vvaarriiaabbllee ddeeffiinniittiioonn statement.  Currently
     this makes no difference, but in a future version of RRDtool you  may  want
     to collect these values before consolidation.

     The data fetched from the RRRRAA is then ccoonnssoolliiddaatteedd so that there is exactly
     one  data  point  per pixel in the graph. If you do not take care yourself,
     RRRRDDttooooll will expand the range slightly if necessary. Note, in that case the
     first and/or last pixel may very well become unknown!

     Sometimes data is not exactly in the format you would like to  display  it.
     For instance, you might be collecting bbyytteess per second, but want to display
     bbiittss per second. This is what the ddaattaa ccaallccuullaattiioonn command is designed for.
     After  ccoonnssoolliiddaattiinngg the data, a copy is made and this copy is modified us‐
     ing a rather powerful RRPPNN command set.

     When you are done fetching and processing the data, it is time to graph  it
     (or print it).  This ends the rrrrddttooooll ggrraapphh sequence.

     Use  ggrraapphhvv  instead  of  ggrraapphh to get detailed information about the graph
     geometry and data once it is drawn. See the bottom of the document for more
     information.

OOPPTTIIOONNSS
   _ff_ii_ll_ee_nn_aa_mm_ee
     The name and path of the graph to generate. It is recommended to  end  this
     in ".png", ".svg" or ".eps", but RRRRDDttooooll does not enforce this.

     _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e can be '"-"' to send the image to "stdout". In this case, no other
     output is generated.

   TTiimmee rraannggee
     [--ss|----ssttaarrtt _t_i_m_e] [--ee|----eenndd _t_i_m_e] [--SS|----sstteepp _s_e_c_o_n_d_s]

     The  start  and end of the time series you would like to display, and which
     RRRRAA the data should come from.  Defaults are: 1 day ago until now, with the
     best possible resolution. SSttaarrtt and eenndd can be specified  in  several  for‐
     mats,  see "AT-STYLE TIME SPECIFICATION" in rrdfetch and rrdgraph_examples.
     By default, rrrrddttooooll ggrraapphh calculates the width of one pixel in the time do‐
     main and tries to get data from an RRRRAA with that resolution.  With the sstteepp
     option you can alter this behavior.  If you want rrrrddttooooll ggrraapphh to get  data
     at  a  one-hour  resolution  from  the RRRRDD, set sstteepp to 3'600. Note: a step
     smaller than one pixel will silently be ignored.

     For non-image ----iimmggffoorrmmaatts see "OUTPUT FORMAT" in rrdxport for  details  on
     how this affects the output.

   LLaabbeellss
     [--tt|----ttiittllee _s_t_r_i_n_g]

     A  horizontal  string placed at the top of the graph which may be separated
     into multiple lines using <br/> or \n

     [--vv|----vveerrttiiccaall--llaabbeell _s_t_r_i_n_g]

     A vertical string placed at the left hand of the graph.

     [----vveerrttiiccaall--llaabbeell--aannggllee _d_e_g_r_e_e_s]

     Rotation of the ----vveerrttiiccaall--llaabbeell text, in degrees, counter clockwise.   The
     default  is set at compile time with the "RRDGRAPH_YLEGEND_ANGLE" configure
     variable and is 90, which makes the label read from the bottom up. Use  270
     to make it read from the top down.

     Only  the  space needed for an upright label is reserved next to the graph,
     so angles other than 90 and 270 may overlap their surroundings.

   SSiizzee
     [--ww|----wwiiddtthh     _p_i_x_e_l_s]     [--hh|----hheeiigghhtt     _p_i_x_e_l_s]      [--jj|----oonnllyy--ggrraapphh]
     [--DD|----ffuullll--ssiizzee--mmooddee]

     By  default,  the  width and height of the ccaannvvaass (the part with the actual
     data and such). This defaults to 400 pixels by 100 pixels.

     If you specify the ----ffuullll--ssiizzee--mmooddee option, the width  and  height  specify
     the  final  dimensions  of the output image and the canvas is automatically
     resized to fit.

     If you specify the ----oonnllyy--ggrraapphh option and set the height < 32  pixels  you
     will  get  a  tiny  graph image (thumbnail) to use as an icon for use in an
     overview, for example. All labeling will be stripped off the graph.

   LLiimmiittss
     [--uu|----uuppppeerr--lliimmiitt  _v_a_l_u_e]  [--ll|----lloowweerr--lliimmiitt  _v_a_l_u_e]  [--rr|----rriiggiidd]   [----aall‐‐
     llooww--sshhrriinnkk]

     By  default the graph will be autoscaling so that it will adjust the y-axis
     to the range of the data. You can change this behavior by  explicitly  set‐
     ting  the  limits.  The  displayed  y-axis  will  then  range at least from
     lloowweerr--lliimmiitt to uuppppeerr--lliimmiitt. Autoscaling will still permit those  boundaries
     to  be stretched unless the rriiggiidd option is set. aallllooww--sshhrriinnkk alters behav‐
     ior of rriiggiidd by allowing auto down scale, graph will not overrun user spec‐
     ified limits.

     [--AA|----aalltt--aauuttoossccaallee]

     Sometimes the default algorithm for selecting the y-axis scale is not  sat‐
     isfactory.  Normally  the scale is selected from a predefined set of ranges
     and this fails miserably when you need to graph something like "260 + 0.001
     * sin(x)". This option calculates the minimum and maximum y-axis  from  the
     actual  minimum and maximum data values. Our example would display slightly
     less than "260-0.001" to slightly more than "260+0.001" (this  feature  was
     contributed by Sasha Mikheev).

     [--JJ|----aalltt--aauuttoossccaallee--mmiinn]

     Where  "--alt-autoscale"  will modify both the absolute maximum AND minimum
     values, this option will only affect the minimum value. The maximum  value,
     if  not  defined  on the command line, will be 0. This option can be useful
     when graphing router traffic when the WAN line uses compression,  and  thus
     the throughput may be higher than the WAN line speed.

     [--MM|----aalltt--aauuttoossccaallee--mmaaxx]

     Where  "--alt-autoscale"  will modify both the absolute maximum AND minimum
     values, this option will only affect the maximum value. The minimum  value,
     if  not  defined  on the command line, will be 0. This option can be useful
     when graphing router traffic when the WAN line uses compression,  and  thus
     the throughput may be higher than the WAN line speed.

     [--NN|----nnoo--ggrriiddffiitt]

     In  order  to  avoid anti-aliasing blurring effects RRDtool snaps points to
     device resolution pixels, this results in a crisper appearance. If this  is
     not to your liking, you can use this switch to turn this behavior off.

     Grid-fitting is turned off for PDF, EPS, SVG output by default.

   XX--AAxxiiss
     [--xx|----xx--ggrriidd _G_T_M::_G_S_T::_M_T_M::_M_S_T::_L_T_M::_L_S_T::_L_P_R::_L_F_M]

     [--xx|----xx--ggrriidd nnoonnee]

     The x-axis label is quite complex to configure. If you don't have very spe‐
     cial  needs  it  is  probably best to rely on the auto configuration to get
     this right. You can specify the string "none" to suppress the grid and  la‐
     bels altogether.

     The grid is defined by specifying a certain amount of time in the _?_T_M posi‐
     tions.  You  can  choose  from  "SECOND",  "MINUTE", "HOUR", "DAY", "WEEK",
     "MONTH" or "YEAR". Then you define how many of these  should  pass  between
     each line or label.  This pair (_?_T_M_:_?_S_T) needs to be specified for the base
     grid  (_G_?_?),  the major grid (_M_?_?) and the labels (_L_?_?). For the labels you
     also must define a precision in _L_P_R and a _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e format  string  in  _L_F_M.
     _L_P_R  defines where each label will be placed. If it is zero, the label will
     be placed right under the  corresponding  line  (useful  for  hours,  dates
     etcetera).   If  you specify a number of seconds here the label is centered
     on this interval (useful for Monday, January etcetera).

      --x-grid MINUTE:10:HOUR:1:HOUR:4:0:%X

     This places grid lines every 10 minutes, major grid lines every  hour,  and
     labels  every  4 hours. The labels are placed under the major grid lines as
     they specify exactly that time.

      --x-grid HOUR:8:DAY:1:DAY:1:86400:%A

     This places grid lines every 8 hours, major grid lines and labels each day.
     The labels are placed exactly between two major grid lines as they  specify
     the complete day and not just midnight.

     [----wweeeekk--ffmmtt _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e _f_o_r_m_a_t _s_t_r_i_n_g]

     By  default rrdtool uses "Week %V" to render the week number. With this op‐
     tion you can define your own  format,  without  completely  overriding  the
     xaxis format.

   YY--AAxxiiss
     [--yy|----yy--ggrriidd _g_r_i_d _s_t_e_p::_l_a_b_e_l _f_a_c_t_o_r]

     [--yy|----yy--ggrriidd nnoonnee]

     Y-axis  grid  lines  appear  at each _g_r_i_d _s_t_e_p interval.  Labels are placed
     every _l_a_b_e_l _f_a_c_t_o_r lines.  You can specify "-y none" to suppress  the  grid
     and labels altogether.  The default for this option is to automatically se‐
     lect sensible values.

     If you have set --y-grid to 'none' not only the labels get suppressed, also
     the space reserved for the labels is removed. You can still add space manu‐
     ally if you use the --units-length command to explicitly reserve space.

     [----lleefftt--aaxxiiss--ffoorrmmaatttteerr _f_o_r_m_a_t_t_e_r_-_n_a_m_e]

     Specify what formatter to use to render axis values.

     nnuummeerriicc
         The default, values are expressed as numeric quantities.

     ttiimmeessttaammpp
         Values  are  interpreted  as  unix  timestamps (number of seconds since
         1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC) and expressed using strftime  format  (default
         is  '%Y-%m-%d  %H:%M:%S'). See also ----uunniittss--lleennggtthh and ----lleefftt--aaxxiiss--ffoorr‐‐
         mmaatt.

     dduurraattiioonn
         Values are interpreted as duration in milliseconds. Formatting  follows
         the   rules   of   valstrfduration  qualified  PRINT/GPRINT.  See  rrd‐
         graph_graph.

     [----lleefftt--aaxxiiss--ffoorrmmaatt _f_o_r_m_a_t_-_s_t_r_i_n_g]

     By default the format of the axis labels gets determined automatically.  If
     you  want  to do this yourself, use this option with the same %lf arguments
     you know from the PRINT and GPRINT commands, or others if  using  different
     formatter.

     [--YY|----aalltt--yy--ggrriidd]

     Place  the  Y  grid dynamically based on the graph's Y range. The algorithm
     ensures that you always have a grid, that there are enough but not too many
     grid lines, and that the grid is metric. That is the grid lines are  placed
     every  1,  2,  5  or 10 units. This parameter will also ensure that you get
     enough decimals displayed even if your graph goes from  69.998  to  70.001.
     (contributed by Sasha Mikheev).

     [--oo|----llooggaarriitthhmmiicc]

     Logarithmic y-axis scaling.

     [--XX|----uunniittss--eexxppoonneenntt _v_a_l_u_e]

     This  sets  the 10**exponent scaling of the y-axis values. Normally, values
     will be scaled to the appropriate units (k, M,  etc.).   However,  you  may
     wish to display units always in k (Kilo, 10e3) even if the data is in the M
     (Mega,  10e6)  range,  for  instance. Value should be an integer which is a
     multiple of 3 between -18 and 18 inclusively.  It is the  exponent  on  the
     units you wish to use. For example, use 3 to display the y-axis values in k
     (Kilo,  10e3,  thousands), use -6 to display the y-axis values in u (Micro,
     10e-6, millionths).  Use a value of 0 to prevent any scaling of the  y-axis
     values.

     This option is very effective at confusing the heck out of the default RRD‐
     tool  autoscaling  function and grid painter. If RRDtool detects that it is
     not successful in labeling the graph under the given circumstances, it will
     switch to the more robust ----aalltt--yy--ggrriidd mode.

     [--LL|----uunniittss--lleennggtthh _v_a_l_u_e]

     How many digits should RRDtool assume the y-axis labels to be? You may have
     to use this option to make enough space once you start  fiddling  with  the
     y-axis labeling.

     [----uunniittss==ssii]

     With  this option y-axis values on logarithmic graphs will be scaled to the
     appropriate units (k, M, etc.) instead of using exponential notation.  Note
     that for linear graphs, SI notation is used by default.

   RRiigghhtt YY AAxxiiss
     [----rriigghhtt--aaxxiiss _s_c_a_l_e::_s_h_i_f_t] [----rriigghhtt--aaxxiiss--llaabbeell _l_a_b_e_l]

     A second axis will be drawn to the right of the graph. It is  tied  to  the
     left  axis  via the scale and shift parameters. You can also define a label
     for the right axis.

     [----rriigghhtt--aaxxiiss--llaabbeell--aannggllee _d_e_g_r_e_e_s]

     Rotation of the ----rriigghhtt--aaxxiiss--llaabbeell text,  in  degrees,  counter  clockwise.
     Defaults  to  the same value as ----vveerrttiiccaall--llaabbeell--aannggllee, so both labels read
     from the bottom up. Use 270 to make the right hand label read from the  top
     down, mirroring the left one.

     [----rriigghhtt--aaxxiiss--rraannggee _m_i_n::_m_a_x]

     Only label the right axis where its value lies between _m_i_n and _m_a_x.  Either
     end may be left empty to leave that direction unbounded, so "0:" suppresses
     labels below zero and ":100" those above one hundred.

     This is useful when the right axis carries a bounded quantity, a percentage
     say,  while  the  left axis does not. Since the right axis borrows its grid
     line positions from the left axis, it would otherwise be labelled with val‐
     ues such as "130 %" or "-20 %" whenever the two ranges do not line up.

     Note that only the _l_a_b_e_l is suppressed. The grid lines belong to  the  left
     axis and are drawn regardless, so a limited right axis will have unlabelled
     grid lines above or below its range.

     The  range  is compared against the value before any SI magnitude factor is
     applied, that is against the number as scaled and shifted by  ----rriigghhtt--aaxxiiss,
     not against the digits that end up printed.

     [----rriigghhtt--aaxxiiss--ffoorrmmaatttteerr _f_o_r_m_a_t_t_e_r_-_n_a_m_e]

     Specify what formatter to use to render axis values.

     nnuummeerriicc
         The default, values are expressed as numeric quantities.

     ttiimmeessttaammpp
         Values  are  interpreted  as  unix  timestamps (number of seconds since
         1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC) and expressed using strftime  format  (default
         is  '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'). See also ----uunniittss--lleennggtthh and ----rriigghhtt--aaxxiiss--ffoorr‐‐
         mmaatt.

     dduurraattiioonn
         Values are interpreted as duration in milliseconds. Formatting  follows
         the   rules   of   valstrfduration  qualified  PRINT/GPRINT.  See  rrd‐
         graph_graph.

     [----rriigghhtt--aaxxiiss--ffoorrmmaatt _f_o_r_m_a_t_-_s_t_r_i_n_g]

     By default the format of the axis labels gets determined automatically.  If
     you  want  to do this yourself, use this option with the same %lf arguments
     you know from the PRINT and GPRINT commands, or others if  using  different
     formatter.

   LLeeggeenndd
     [--gg|----nnoo--lleeggeenndd]

     Suppress generation of the legend; only render the graph.

     [--FF|----ffoorrccee--rruulleess--lleeggeenndd]

     Force  the  generation  of  HRULE  and VRULE legends even if those HRULE or
     VRULE will not be drawn because out of graph boundaries (mimics behavior of
     pre 1.0.42 versions).

     [----lleeggeenndd--ppoossiittiioonn=(north|south|west|east)]

     Place the legend at the given side of the graph. The default is south.   In
     west or east position it is necessary to add line breaks manually.

     [----lleeggeenndd--ddiirreeccttiioonn=(topdown|bottomup|bottomup2)]

     Place the legend items in the given vertical order. The default is topdown.
     Using  bottomup  the  legend  items  appear in the same vertical order as a
     stack of lines or areas. Using bottomup2 will  keep  leading  and  trailing
     COMMENT  lines  in order, this might be useful for generators that use them
     for table headers and the like.

   MMiisscceellllaanneeoouuss
     [--zz|----llaazzyy]

     Only generate the graph if the current graph is out of date  or  not  exis‐
     tent.   Note,  that all the calculations will happen regardless so that the
     output of PRINT and graphv will be complete regardless. Note that  the  be‐
     havior  of lazy in this regard has seen several changes over time. The only
     thing you can really rely on before RRDtool 1.3.7 is  that  lazy  will  not
     generate  the  graph when it is already there and up to date, and also that
     it will output the size of the graph.

     [--dd|----ddaaeemmoonn _a_d_d_r_e_s_s]

     Address of the rrdcached daemon. If specified, a "flush" command is sent to
     the server before reading the RRD files. This allows the graph  to  contain
     fresh  data  even  if  the  daemon is configured to cache values for a long
     time.  For a list of accepted formats, see the --ll option in  the  rrdcached
     manual.

      rrdtool graph [...] --daemon unix:/var/run/rrdcached.sock [...]

     [--ff|----iimmggiinnffoo _p_r_i_n_t_f_s_t_r]

     After  the  image has been created, the graph function uses printf together
     with this format string to create output similar  to  the  PRINT  function,
     only  that  the  printf  function is supplied with the parameters _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e,
     _x_s_i_z_e and _y_s_i_z_e. In order to generate an IIMMGG tag suitable for including the
     graph into a web page, the command line would look like this:

      --imginfo '<IMG SRC="/img/%s" WIDTH="%lu" HEIGHT="%lu" ALT="Demo">'

     [--cc|----ccoolloorr _C_O_L_O_R_T_A_G#_r_r_g_g_b_b[_a_a]]

     Override the default colors for the standard elements  of  the  graph.  The
     _C_O_L_O_R_T_A_G  is  one  of "BACK" background, "CANVAS" for the background of the
     actual graph, "SHADEA" for the left and top border, "SHADEB" for the  right
     and bottom border, "GRID", "MGRID" for the major grid, "FONT" for the color
     of  the font, "AXIS" for the axis of the graph, "FRAME" for the line around
     the color spots, and finally "ARROW" for the arrow  head  pointing  up  and
     forward. Each color is composed out of three hexadecimal numbers specifying
     its  rgb color component (00 is off, FF is maximum) of red, green and blue.
     Optionally you may add another hexadecimal  number  specifying  the  trans‐
     parency  (FF is solid). You may set this option several times to alter mul‐
     tiple defaults.

     A green arrow is made by: "--color ARROW#00FF00"

     [----ggrriidd--ddaasshh _o_n::_o_f_f]

     by default the grid is drawn in a 1 on, 1 off pattern. With this option you
     can set this yourself

      --grid-dash 1:3    for a dot grid

      --grid-dash 1:0    for uninterrupted grid lines

     [----bboorrddeerr _w_i_d_t_h]

     Width in pixels for the 3d border drawn around the image. Default 2, 0 dis‐
     ables the border. See "SHADEA" and "SHADEB" above for  setting  the  border
     color.

     [----ddyynnaammiicc--llaabbeellss]

     Pick  the shape of the color marker next to the label according to the ele‐
     ment drawn on the graph.

     [--mm|----zzoooomm _f_a_c_t_o_r]

     Zoom the graphics by the given amount. The factor must be > 0

     [--nn|----ffoonntt _F_O_N_T_T_A_G::_s_i_z_e[::_f_o_n_t]]

     This lets you customize which font to use for the various text elements  on
     the  RRD graphs. "DEFAULT" sets the default value for all elements, "TITLE"
     for the title, "AXIS" for the axis labels, "UNIT" for the vertical unit la‐
     bel, "LEGEND" for the graph legend, "WATERMARK" for the  watermark  on  the
     edge of the graph.

     Use Times for the title: "--font TITLE:13:Times"

     Note  that  you  need to quote the argument to ----ffoonntt if the font-name con‐
     tains whitespace: --font "TITLE:13:Some Font"

     If you do not give a font string you can modify just the size  of  the  de‐
     fault font: "--font TITLE:13:".

     If  you specify the size 0 then you can modify just the font without touch‐
     ing the size. This is especially useful for altering the default font with‐
     out resetting the default fontsizes: "--font DEFAULT:0:Courier".

     RRDtool comes with a preset default font. You can set the environment vari‐
     able "RRD_DEFAULT_FONT" if you want to change this.

     RRDtool uses Pango for its font handling. This means that you can  use  the
     full Pango syntax when selecting your font:

     The  font  name  has the form "[_F_A_M_I_L_Y_-_L_I_S_T] [_S_T_Y_L_E_-_O_P_T_I_O_N_S] [_S_I_Z_E]", where
     _F_A_M_I_L_Y_-_L_I_S_T is a comma separated list of families optionally terminated  by
     a  comma,  _S_T_Y_L_E___O_P_T_I_O_N_S is a whitespace separated list of words where each
     WORD describes one of style, variant, weight, stretch, or gravity, and _S_I_Z_E
     is a decimal number (size in points) or optionally  followed  by  the  unit
     modifier "px" for absolute size. Any one of the options may be absent.

     [--RR|----ffoonntt--rreennddeerr--mmooddee {nnoorrmmaall,lliigghhtt,mmoonnoo}]

     There are 3 font render modes:

     nnoorrmmaall: Full Hinting and Anti-aliasing (default)

     lliigghhtt: Slight Hinting and Anti-aliasing

     mmoonnoo: Full Hinting and NO Anti-aliasing

     [--BB|----ffoonntt--ssmmooootthhiinngg--tthhrreesshhoolldd _s_i_z_e]

     (this gets ignored in 1.3 for now!)

     This specifies the largest font size which will be rendered bitmapped, that
     is, without any font smoothing. By default, no text is rendered bitmapped.

     [--PP|----ppaannggoo--mmaarrkkuupp]

     All  text  in  RRDtool is rendered using Pango. With the ----ppaannggoo--mmaarrkkuupp op‐
     tion, all text will be processed by pango markup. This allows one to  embed
     some simple html like markup tags using

      <span key="value">text</span>

     Apart  from  the  verbose  syntax,  there are also the following short tags
     available.

      b     Bold
      big   Makes font relatively larger, equivalent to <span size="larger">
      i     Italic
      s     Strikethrough
      sub   Subscript
      sup   Superscript
      small Makes font relatively smaller, equivalent to <span size="smaller">
      tt    Monospace font
      u     Underline

     More  details  on  <http://developer.gnome.org/pango/stable/PangoMarkupFor‐
     mat.html>.

     [--GG|----ggrraapphh--rreennddeerr--mmooddee {nnoorrmmaall,mmoonnoo}]

     There are 2 render modes:

     nnoorrmmaall: Graphs are fully Anti-aliased (default)

     mmoonnoo: No Anti-aliasing

     [--EE|----ssllooppee--mmooddee]

     RRDtool  graphs  are  composed  of stair case curves by default. This is in
     line with the way RRDtool calculates its data. Some  people  favor  a  more
     'organic' look for their graphs even though it is not all that true.

     [--aa|----iimmggffoorrmmaatt PPNNGG|SSVVGG|EEPPSS|PPDDFF|XXMMLL|XXMMLLEENNUUMM|JJSSOONN|JJSSOONNTTIIMMEE|CCSSVV|TTSSVV|SSSSVV]

     Image format for the generated graph. For the vector formats you can choose
     among  the  standard  Postscript  fonts  Courier-Bold, Courier-BoldOblique,
     Courier-Oblique,  Courier,  Helvetica-Bold,   Helvetica-BoldOblique,   Hel‐
     vetica-Oblique,    Helvetica,    Symbol,    Times-Bold,   Times-BoldItalic,
     Times-Italic, Times-Roman, and ZapfDingbats.

     For Export type you can define XML,  XMLENUM  (enumerates  the  value  tags
     <v0>,<v1>,<v2>,...),  JSON,  JSONTIME  (adds a timestamp to each data row),
     CSV (=comma separated values), TSV (=tab separated values), SSV (=semicolon
     separated values), (for comma/tab/semicolon separated values the time  for‐
     mat  by default is in the form of unix time. to change it to something else
     use: --x-grid MINUTE:10:HOUR:1:HOUR:4:0:"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")

     For non-image ----iimmggffoorrmmaatts see "OUTPUT FORMAT" in rrdxport for  details  on
     the output.

     [--ii|----iinntteerrllaacceedd]

     (this gets ignored in 1.3 for now!)

     If images are interlaced they become visible on browsers more quickly.

     [--TT|----ttaabbwwiiddtthh _v_a_l_u_e]

     By default the tab-width is 40 pixels, use this option to change it.

     [--bb|----bbaassee _v_a_l_u_e]

     If  you are graphing memory (and NOT network traffic) this switch should be
     set to 1024 so that one Kb is 1024 byte. For traffic measurement, 1 kb/s is
     1000 b/s.

     [--WW|----wwaatteerrmmaarrkk _s_t_r_i_n_g]

     Adds the given string as a watermark, horizontally centered, at the  bottom
     of the graph.

     [--ZZ|----uussee--nnaann--ffoorr--aallll--mmiissssiinngg--ddaattaa]

     If one DS is missing, either because the RRD is not available or because it
     does  not contain the requested DS name, just assume that we got empty val‐
     ues instead of raising a fatal error.

     [----aadddd--jjssoonnttiimmee]

     Adds xxppoorrtt data in JJSSOONNTTIIMMEE format, giving both graph image data  and  data
     point values in one call to graphv command.

     [----uuttcc]

     Force the timezone to be UTC. Equivalent to doing TZ=UTC rrdtool graph ....
     This is useful to calculate daily average ranging from midnight to midnight
     rather than say the last 24 hours.

   DDaattaa aanndd vvaarriiaabblleess
     DDEEFF::_v_n_a_m_e==_r_r_d_f_i_l_e::_d_s_-_n_a_m_e::_C_F[::sstteepp==_s_t_e_p][::ssttaarrtt==_t_i_m_e][::eenndd==_t_i_m_e]

     CCDDEEFF::_v_n_a_m_e==_R_P_N _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n

     VVDDEEFF::_v_n_a_m_e==_R_P_N _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n

     You  need  at  least one DDEEFF and one LLIINNEE, AARREEAA, GGPPRRIINNTT, PPRRIINNTT statement to
     generate anything useful.

     See rrdgraph_data and rrdgraph_rpn for the exact format.

     NOTE: GGrraapphh aanndd pprriinntt eelleemmeennttss

     You need at least one graph element to generate an image  and/or  at  least
     one print statement to generate a report.  See rrdgraph_graph for the exact
     format.

   ggrraapphhvv
     Calling  RRDtool with the graphv option will return information in the RRD‐
     tool info format. On the command line this means that all output will be in
     key=value format. When used from the Perl and Ruby bindings a hash  pointer
     will be returned from the call.

     When  the filename '-' is given, the contents of the graph itself will also
     be returned through this interface (hash key 'image'). On the command  line
     the output will look like this:

      print[0] = "0.020833"
      print[1] = "0.0440833"
      graph_left = 51
      graph_top = 22
      graph_width = 400
      graph_height = 100
      graph_start = 1232908800
      graph_end = 1232914200
      image_width = 481
      image_height = 154
      value_min = 0.0000000000e+00
      value_max = 4.0000000000e-02
      image = BLOB_SIZE:8196
      [... 8196 bytes of image data ...]

     There  is  more information returned than in the standard interface.  Espe‐
     cially the 'graph_*' keys are new. They help applications that want to know
     what is where on the graph.

EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT VVAARRIIAABBLLEESS
     The following environment variables may be used to change the  behavior  of
     "rrdtool graph":

     RRRRDDCCAACCHHEEDD__AADDDDRREESSSS
         If  this  environment  variable  is set it will have the same effect as
         specifying the "--daemon" option on  the  command  line.  If  both  are
         present, the command line argument takes precedence.

     RRRRDD__DDEEFFAAUULLTT__FFOONNTT
         RRDtool  comes  with a preset default font. You can set the environment
         variable RRD_DEFAULT_FONT if you want to change this.

SSEEEE AALLSSOO
     rrdgraph gives an overview of how rrrrddttooooll ggrraapphh works.   rrdgraph_data  de‐
     scribes  DDEEFF,CCDDEEFF  and VVDDEEFF in detail.  rrdgraph_rpn describes the RRPPNN lan‐
     guage used in the ??DDEEFF statements.  rrdgraph_graph page  describes  all  of
     the graph and print functions.

     Make sure to read rrdgraph_examples for tips&tricks.

AAUUTTHHOORR
     Program by Tobias Oetiker <tobi@oetiker.ch>

     This  manual  page  by  Alex van den Bogaerdt <alex@vandenbogaerdt.nl> with
     corrections and/or additions by several people

1.11.0                             2026-08-08                        _R_R_D_G_R_A_P_H(1)
