:mod:`!asyncio` --- Asynchronous I/O
====================================

.. module:: asyncio
   :synopsis: Asynchronous I/O.

-------------------------------

.. sidebar:: Hello World!

   ::

       import asyncio

       async def main():
           print('Hello ...')
           await asyncio.sleep(1)
           print('... World!')

       asyncio.run(main())

asyncio is a library to write **concurrent** code using
the **async/await** syntax.

asyncio is used as a foundation for multiple Python asynchronous
frameworks that provide high-performance network and web-servers,
database connection libraries, distributed task queues, etc.

asyncio is often a perfect fit for IO-bound and high-level
**structured** network code.

.. seealso::

   :ref:`a-conceptual-overview-of-asyncio`
      Explanation of the fundamentals of asyncio.

asyncio provides a set of **high-level** APIs to:

* :ref:`run Python coroutines <coroutine>` concurrently and
  have full control over their execution;

* perform :ref:`network IO and IPC <asyncio-streams>`;

* control :ref:`subprocesses <asyncio-subprocess>`;

* distribute tasks via :ref:`queues <asyncio-queues>`;

* :ref:`synchronize <asyncio-sync>` concurrent code;

For **introspection**, asyncio provides APIs and tools for:

* inspecting the :ref:`async call graph <asyncio-graph>` of tasks and futures;

* inspecting tasks in another running Python process with
  :ref:`command-line tools <asyncio-introspection-tools>`;

Additionally, there are **low-level** APIs for
*library and framework developers* to:

* create and manage :ref:`event loops <asyncio-event-loop>`, which
  provide asynchronous APIs for :ref:`networking <loop_create_server>`,
  running :ref:`subprocesses <loop_subprocess_exec>`,
  handling :ref:`OS signals <loop_add_signal_handler>`, etc;

* implement efficient protocols using
  :ref:`transports <asyncio-transports-protocols>`;

* :ref:`bridge <asyncio-futures>` callback-based libraries and code
  with async/await syntax.

.. include:: ../includes/wasm-notavail.rst

.. _asyncio-cli:

.. rubric:: asyncio REPL

You can experiment with an ``asyncio`` concurrent context in the :term:`REPL`:

.. code-block:: pycon

   $ python -m asyncio
   asyncio REPL ...
   Use "await" directly instead of "asyncio.run()".
   Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
   >>> import asyncio
   >>> await asyncio.sleep(10, result='hello')
   'hello'

This REPL provides limited compatibility with :envvar:`PYTHON_BASIC_REPL`.
It is recommended that the default REPL is used
for full functionality and the latest features.

.. audit-event:: cpython.run_stdin "" ""

.. versionchanged:: 3.12.5 (also 3.11.10, 3.10.15, 3.9.20, and 3.8.20)
   Emits audit events.

.. versionchanged:: 3.13
   Uses PyREPL if possible, in which case :envvar:`PYTHONSTARTUP` is
   also executed. Emits audit events.

.. We use the "rubric" directive here to avoid creating
   the "Reference" subsection in the TOC.

.. rubric:: Reference

.. toctree::
   :caption: High-level APIs
   :maxdepth: 1

   asyncio-runner.rst
   asyncio-task.rst
   asyncio-stream.rst
   asyncio-sync.rst
   asyncio-subprocess.rst
   asyncio-queue.rst
   asyncio-exceptions.rst

.. toctree::
   :caption: Introspection APIs
   :maxdepth: 1

   asyncio-graph.rst
   asyncio-tools.rst

.. toctree::
   :caption: Low-level APIs
   :maxdepth: 1

   asyncio-eventloop.rst
   asyncio-future.rst
   asyncio-protocol.rst
   asyncio-policy.rst
   asyncio-platforms.rst
   asyncio-extending.rst

.. toctree::
   :caption: Guides and Tutorials
   :maxdepth: 1

   asyncio-api-index.rst
   asyncio-llapi-index.rst
   asyncio-dev.rst
   asyncio-threading.rst

.. note::
   The source code for asyncio can be found in :source:`Lib/asyncio/`.
